ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) intention and associated variables among women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The data were collected with a questionnaire for the pregnant women (n=653), from December/2018 to November/2019. They answered the Infant Feeding Intentions (IFI) scale, translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, and a questionnaire on sociodemographic, biological, family, pregnancy, breastfeeding, health care, and habits variables. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed with a 5% significance level, following a multilevel hierarchical model that estimated the association between the dependent and independent variables. The outcome EBF intention measured by the IFI score was dichotomized by the median (<16 or =16). Results: Mean±standard deviation score for the IFI scale was 14.4±2.6 (score 0: very strong intention to not breastfeed at all; score 16: very strong EBF intention up to six months). The results from the regression analysis showed that pregnant women who had no intention to bottle feed (OR=4.33; 95%CI 2.79-6.72) or did not know (OR=1.85; 95%CI 1.21-2.82), those who planned the pregnancy (OR=1.52; 95%CI 1.09-2.12), those who believed they would have help to care for the baby (OR=3.60; 95%CI 1.51-8.56) or did not know (OR=3.97; 95%CI 1.26-12.51), and those who reported knowing the World Health Organization recommendations on breastfeeding (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.13-2.64) were more likely to show a very strong EBF intention. Conclusions: Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy presented a strong EBF intention. The higher EBF intention score was significantly associated with the structural, setting, and individual determinants.
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a intenção materna de amamentar exclusivamente (IMA) e variáveis associadas entre as mulheres no terceiro trimestre de gravidez. Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista e questionário semiestruturado e autoadministrado, entre dezembro/2018 e novembro/2019. As gestantes (n=653) responderam à escala Infant Feeding Intentions (IFI) testada, traduzida e adaptada para o português do Brasil e ao questionário contendo perguntas sobre variáveis sociodemográficas, biológicas e familiares, bem como relacionadas à gestação, ao aleitamento materno, à assistência à saúde e a hábitos. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, com nível de significância de 5%, para estimar a associação entre as variáveis independentes e o desfecho. A IMA, medida pela escala IFI, foi dicotomizada pela mediana (<16 ou =16). Resultados: A pontuação média±desvio padrão para a escala IFI foi de 14,4±2,6. Os resultados da análise de regressão mostraram que as gestantes que não tinham intenção de oferecer mamadeira (OR=4,33; IC95% 2,79-6,72) ou não sabiam (OR=1,85; IC95% 1,21-2,82), que planejaram a gestação (OR=1,52; IC95% 1,09-2,12), aquelas que acreditavam que teriam ajuda nos cuidados com o bebê (OR=3,60; IC95% 1,51-8,56) ou que não sabiam (OR=3,97; IC95% 1,26-12,51), bem como aquelas que relataram conhecer as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde sobre amamentação (OR=1,73; IC95% 1.13-2.64) tinham mais chances de mostrar uma IMA muito forte. Conclusões: As gestantes no terceiro trimestre de gestação apresentaram forte IMA. A maior IMA esteve significativamente associada aos determinantes estruturais, contextuais e individuais.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and analyze the variables associated with the use of pacifiers and/or bottles by infants up to 6 months of age. Material and Methods: Data on sociodemographic characteristics, intention to offer pacifier and bottle-feeding, pregnancy and breastfeeding (BF) variables were collected at baseline by interviews and a self-administered questionnaire among pregnant women in the 3rd trimester. After delivery, mother-baby binomials were followed by phone calls at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of the baby's life (n=467) to gather information on the type of delivery, baby's gender, BF in the first hour of the newborn's life, baby's weight, mother's return to work, and oral habits. Association analyses were performed using logistic regression models with a 5% significance level with the pacifier/bottle-feeding use as the outcome. Results: Most mothers (52.5%) reported their babies used bottle-feeding, 48.2% used pacifiers and 33.4% used both of them throughout the 6 months. Intention to offer pacifier and bottle-feeding was reported by 45.0% and 54.8% of the mothers at the 3rd trimester of the pregnancy, respectively. Not living in one's own residence (OR=1.53; 95%CI: 1.05-2.24) and having the prenatal intention of offering a pacifier (OR=2.50; 95%CI: 1.63-3.83) to the baby were significantly associated with pacifier use. Variables significantly associated with bottle-feeding were mother's return to work (OR=2.48; 95%CI: 1.54-3.97), baby's lower birth weight (OR=1.58; IC95%: 1.07-2.33), and prenatal intention to offer bottle-feeding (OR=2.51; 95%CI 1.56-4.04). Conclusion: About half of the babies used pacifiers or were bottle-fed, which were associated with the mother's prenatal intention to offer them to their babies and socioeconomic factors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Bottle Feeding , Breast Feeding , Pregnancy , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Pacifiers , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução Historicamente, materiais abrasivos, como mármore em pó, corais e cinzas ósseas, eram utilizados para higienização dentária. Com a evolução, tais materiais foram substituídos por dentifrícios aplicados em escovas dentais, com a mesma finalidade. Objetivo Avaliar, através da Tomografia por Coerência Óptica, o desgaste do esmalte dentário, após o uso de diferentes escovas dentais e materiais utilizados na escovação com componentes abrasivos. Material e método Foram confeccionados 50 corpos de prova, distribuídos em 10 grupos (n=5), de acordo com o dentifrício/escova utilizado. Para o grupo A, foi utilizada a escova dental Curaprox® Adulto Ultra Macia, e, para o grupo B, a escova Dental K® - escova adulto macia. Foram utilizados os seguintes materiais para escovação: Curaprox® Black is White; Colgate® Luminous White Instant, Close Up® White Attraction - MenSuperpure; Carvão Ativado; Água Destilada. As imagens foram realizadas antes e depois da ciclagem de escovação e comparadas quanto às alterações de superfície. A perda da estrutura superficial foi avaliada através dos métodos qualitativo e quantitativo. Para análise estatística dos dados obtidos, foram realizadas as medidas estatísticas: média, desvio padrão, mediana e percentis, avaliados inferencialmente através dos testes estatísticos Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado Maior índice de perda de estrutura superficial do esmalte nos grupos G2A (16,09) e G2B (11,38) e menor índice de perda estrutural nos grupos G5A (1,07) e G5B (1,20). Conclusão: Através desse estudo, observou-se que os dentifrícios clareadores e o Carvão Ativado são capazes de promover intenso desgaste do esmalte dentário.
Abstract Introduction Historically, abrasive materials such as marble powders, corals and bone ashes were used for dental hygiene. With evolution, these materials were replaced by dentifrices applied on toothbrushes for the same purpose. Objective To evaluate, through Optical Coherence Tomography, the wear of dental enamel after the use of different toothbrushes and materials used in brushing with abrasive components. Material and method 50 specimens were prepared, distributed in 10 groups (n=5) according to the toothpaste used. For group A, the Curaprox® Adult Ultra Macia toothbrush was used and for group B, the soft toothbrush K® - soft adult toothbrush. The following brushing materials were used: Curaprox® Black is White; Colgate® Luminous White Instant, Close Up® White Attraction - MenSuperpure; Activated Charcoal; Distilled Water. The images were performed before and after the brushing cycle and were compared for surface changes. The loss of the surface structure was evaluated through qualitative and quantitative methods. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the statistical methods Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, with significance level of 5%, mean, standard deviation, median and percentiles. Result A higher index of loss of enamel structure was observed in the G2A (16.09) and G2B (11.38) groups and a lower structural loss rate in the specimens corresponding to the groups G5A (1,07) and G5B (1,20). Conclusion Through this study it was observed that the whitening dentifrices and the Activated Charcoal are able to promote an intense wear of the dental enamel.